Sažetak

Uvod: Prijelom kuka u starijih osoba povezan je s visokom smrtnosti, trajnom invalidnošću i gubitkom samostalnosti. Rizik raste s dobi i narušenim zdravstvenim stanjem.

Cilj: Sistematski pregledati i analizirati literaturu o rizičnim čimbenicima za prijelom kuka u starijoj populaciji.

Metode: Pretražene su baze PubMed i Web of Science (WoS) koristeći ključne riječi: “risk factors” AND “hip fractures” AND “older adults”. Primarnom pretragom identificirano je 488 radova, a nakon filtriranja 48 radova.

Rezultati: Za analizu je odabrano 8 radova. Najvažniji čimbenici rizika uključuju: poodmaklu dob, ženski spol, osteoporozu, nisku mišićnu snagu, kognitivnu disfunkciju, kronične bolesti, padove, loš nutritivni status, socijalnu izolaciju i institucionalizaciju.

Zaključak: Prevencija prijeloma kuka zahtijeva sveobuhvatan i individualiziran pristup temeljen na rizičnom profilu, s ciljem prevencije padova, očuvanja funkcionalnosti i poboljšanja kvalitete života starijih osoba.

Ključne riječi: globalno starenje, osteoporoza, padovi, prijelom kuka

Abstract

Introduction: Hip fracture in older adults is associated with high mortality, permanent disability, and loss of independence, with increasing incidence due to global aging. Risk factors include biological, functional, and environmental aspects.

Objective: To systematically review and analyze literature on risk factors for hip fracture in older adults.

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched using keywords: “risk factors” AND “hip fractures” AND “older adults.” Initial search yielded 488 articles, filtered down to 48 sources.

Results: Eight studies were selected. Key risk factors include advanced age, female gender, osteoporosis, low muscle strength, cognitive dysfunction, chronic diseases, falls, poor nutrition, social isolation, and institutionalization.

Conclusion: Effective prevention requires a comprehensive, individualized approach to prevent falls, maintain functionality, and improve quality of life, reducing fracture incidence and complications.

Keywords: global aging, osteoporosis, falls, hip fracture